Founder of Buddhism: Shakyamuni (Siddhartha Gautama)
Founder of Buddhism: Shakyamuni (Siddhartha Gautama)
Shakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism. My surname is Qiaodamo (also translated as Qiaodamo), and my name is Siddhartha. "Shakyamuni"（ Śā Kyamuni is a revered title given to him by Buddhists. Shakyamuni, a racial name, meaning "neng"; Mouni, also translated as "wen", is a respectful title that means "ren", "ru", "ren", "ren", and "ji". They are collectively referred to as "capable of benevolence", "capable of Confucianism", "capable of endurance", "capable of silence", etc., which means the "sage" of the Shakyamuni people.
1. Life history
According to legend, Shakyamuni was the crown prince of King Jingfan of the ancient northern Indian state of Kapila (near present-day Tirolakot in southern Nepal), belonging to the Chadhiri caste. Mrs. Moye is the daughter of the Heavenly Arm King of the neighboring Kuli tribe. Madame Maya passed away 7 days after giving birth in Lumbini on her way back to her father's country. As a result, the Crown Prince was nurtured by his aunt Mahaprabhati. There are different versions of Buddhism between the Southern and Northern traditions regarding the birth and death of Shakyamuni. According to the Chinese translation of "Shan Jian Lv Pi Po Sha", it is inferred that it was from 565 BC to 485 BC. Southern Buddhism is believed to be from 623 BC to 544 BC, while others suggest it was from 622 BC to 543 BC. Shakyamuni received traditional Brahmin education when he was young. At the age of 29 (some say 19), he felt various pains of life, aging, illness, and death in the world. In addition, the Shakyamuni clan faced the threat of extermination and was dissatisfied with the Brahmin religion at that time. He abandoned royal life and became a monk. Started learning meditation with the pioneers of "number theory", Arlokarama and Utagaramazu, near the city of King Magadha. Later, he practiced asceticism alone in the trees near the Nilian Chan River for 6 years. Believing that asceticism is not the path to liberation, one turns to meditate under the tree of the Bodhi Gaya and the Pipolo tree, contemplating the Four Truths and the Twelve Causes and Fates, and ultimately achieving enlightenment. At the age of 35 (some say 30). Firstly, he preached to his attendants, including Arojia Chenru, at the Deer Garden in the city of Polonai. Afterwards, he continued to preach in the Ganges River basin in northern and central India, forming a missionary monastic community to establish the basic teachings of primitive Buddhism. In the city of Wangsha, he was successively converted by King Bhisara of Magadha and his son King Ashaka, and in the city of Shewei, he was converted by the King of Persia of the Kingdom of Saros. There are many disciples, with a total of 500, including 10 famous ones, known as the top ten disciples. He passed away at the age of 80 in the city of Naga.
2. Teaching methods
Shakyamuni preached Buddhism orally and personally, without any written records as a classic. After the death of Shakyamuni, his disciples organized his teachings in order to avoid the long-term loss of Buddhist teachings and to prevent other "heretics" from infiltrating Buddhism. This was called "gathering.". The content of Shakyamuni's teachings can be summarized as the three Dharma seals, four truths, eight righteous paths, twelve origins, and thirty-seven principles.
3. Establish a monastic community
After gaining enlightenment, Shakyamuni devoted great enthusiasm and energy to the establishment of the "Sangha" system. "Sangha" refers to the monastic community, which is the organizational form of monastic Buddhists. At first, only men were allowed to join, but later women were also allowed to become monks. The monastic community established by Shakyamuni absorbed people from various industries in society, such as merchants, hunters, hairdressers, and even murderers could join the sect. Although there is no record of Sutra joining Buddhism
